When it comes to harnessing the power of the sun, solar panels are a marvel of technology and sustainability. However, like all sophisticated equipment, they demand careful handling and expert installation. Unfortunately, not all solar installers are created equal, and poor installation practices can lead to premature panel failure, reduced efficiency, and a slew of hidden damages that only become apparent over time. Among the most insidious of these issues is microcracking, a problem that, if left unchecked, can significantly compromise the performance and lifespan of your solar investment.

The Hidden Threat of Microcracks:

Microcracks are tiny fractures in the silicon cells of a solar panel. While they might be invisible to the naked eye, their impact on your solar system's performance is anything but small. These microscopic fissures can occur during manufacturing, shipping, or installation, with improper handling by installers being a significant contributor.

The consequences of microcracking extend beyond mere aesthetic imperfections. They can disrupt the electrical pathways within a solar panel, leading to decreased power output and efficiency. Over time, as the panel expands and contracts with temperature changes, these microcracks can worsen, further degrading the panel's performance and potentially leading to complete failure. This issue is particularly critical in the northwest, where temperatures fluctuate between below -20°F and above 110°F.

Electroluminescence Testing: Seeing the Unseen

Electroluminescence (EL) testing has emerged as a critical diagnostic tool in identifying and assessing microcracks in solar panels. This technique involves passing a current through the solar cells in a dark environment, causing them to emit infrared light. The emitted light is then captured using specialized cameras, producing images that reveal the presence of microcracks and other defects.

EL testing is invaluable for solar panel quality control during manufacturing and transportation. It provides a non-invasive method to assess the health of solar panels and can pinpoint issues that are not visible during a standard visual inspection.

How do installers contribute to and prevent microcracking?

Poor installation practices often stem from insufficient knowledge and awareness. Installation crews frequently crawl or walk across panels to access fasteners, use impact drivers to tighten frame clamps, and apply pressure on the module surface during transportation. When selecting an installer, don't hesitate to ask about their handling procedures and the steps they take to minimize the risk of microcracking. A trustworthy installer should be transparent about their practices and willing to discuss the measures they employ to protect your investment.

Post-Installation Testing:

Although EL testing is highly effective prior to installation, its post-installation application is challenging due to the necessity of detaching the panel for controlled environment testing. However, post-installation faults can be identified using a high-quality infrared (IR) camera, which spots suspect areas by detecting cells that operate at higher temperatures compared to surrounding ones. Should IR imaging indicate issues, the solar module can then be removed for detailed examination in a controlled setting.

Conclusion:

Solar energy offers a promising path towards sustainable electricity generation, but its potential can only be fully realized with the proper care and expertise. Microcracking poses a silent threat to solar panels, one that can significantly undermine their performance and durability especially over a 30 year design life. By understanding the effects of microcracking and the importance of adherence to manufacturer guidelines and industry best practices, you can take proactive steps to ensure your solar power plant operates at peak efficiency for years to come. Remember, the right installer doesn't just install your panels—they protect your solar investment from the start.